Rueil-Malmaison

Rueil-Malmaison
Commune
Château de Malmaison
Coat of arms
Paris and inner ring départements
Location of Rueil-Malmaison
Rueil-Malmaison Rueil-Malmaison
Coordinates: 48°52′34″N 2°10′52″E
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Hauts-de-Seine
Arrondissement	Nanterre
Canton	Rueil-Malmaison
Intercommunality	Grand Paris
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Patrick Ollier (LR)
Area 1	14.7 km2 (5.7 sq mi)
Population  (2021)	78,186
• Density	5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	92063 /92500
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Rueil-Malmaison (French pronunciation: [ʁɥɛj malmɛzɔ̃]) or simply Rueil is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France region. It is located 12.6 kilometres (8 miles) from the centre of Paris. It is one of the wealthiest suburbs of Paris.

Name

Rueil-Malmaison was originally called simply Rueil. In medieval times the name Rueil was spelled either Roialum, Riogilum, Rotoialum, Ruolium, or Ruellium. This name is made of the Gaulish word ialo (meaning 'clearing, glade' or 'place of') suffixed to a radical meaning 'brook, stream' (Latin: rivus, Old French: rû), or maybe to a radical meaning 'ford' (Celtic ritu).

In 1928, the name of the commune officially became Rueil-Malmaison in reference to its most famous tourist attraction, the Château de Malmaison, home of Napoleon's first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais.

The name Malmaison comes from Medieval Latin mala mansio, meaning 'ill-fated domain', 'estate of ill luck'. In the Early Middle Ages Malmaison was the site of a royal residence which was destroyed by the Vikings in 846.

History

Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church

The territory of Rueil has been frequented since very ancient times: during foundation work for the construction of a new neighborhood near the Seine, at the "Closeaux" site, a Mesolithic site of an Azilian people (10,300 to 8,700 BCE) was uncovered. Remains of an Eurasian cave lion, dating back 12,000 years, were also discovered there.

The first historical mention of Rueil, or rather of Rotoialum villae, dates back to the 6th century, in the History of the Franks written by Gregory of Tours. The term refers to what was then a Roman-style villa. Also known as Roialum or Rotariolensem villam, it was a place of leisure and hunting for Merovingian kings from the 6th to the 8th century. The Rueil barracks of the Swiss Guard were constructed in 1756 under Louis XV by the architect Axel Guillaumot, and have been classified Monument historique since 1973. The Guard was formed by Louis XIII in 1616 and massacred at the Tuileries on 10 August 1792 during the French Revolution.

Around 870, Charles the Bald gave this estate to the Abbey of Saint-Denis. At the end of the 12th century, Benedictine monks built a chapel dedicated to Saint Cucufa in the former Béranger woods, which later, after the 18th century, became known as the “Saint-Cucufa woods.”

During the Edward III’s Chevauchée in 1346, Rueil was burned and thoroughly devastated by the Black Prince, taking a long time to recover from this disaster. In 1584, Antoine of Portugal, exiled in France, lived in Rueil and laid the first stone of a church on the site of the old one, which was in ruins.

In 1622, Christophe Perrot, a counselor to the Parliament of Paris, had a château built on the site called Malmaison, an estate that would become, in the following century, the property of the future Empress Joséphine.

The monks sold the estate in 1633 to Cardinal Richelieu, who settled at the Château du Val, built for Jean Moisset, a financier under Henri IV. Far from the intrigues and noise of the city, it became his favorite residence. Richelieu also funded the completion of the Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church by having its façade constructed by his architect Lemercier.

In 1691, the Marquise de Maintenon, the king’s secret wife, rented a house in Rueil to receive poor children and provide them with some education. This was the precursor to the institution she would later establish in Saint-Cyr, closer to Versailles.

Rueil is famous for the Château de Malmaison where Napoleon and his first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais lived. Upon her death in 1814, she was buried at the nearby Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church, which stands at the centre of the city.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Rueil was located on the front line.

At the end of the 19th century, Impressionist painters like Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Édouard Manet and Claude Monet came to paint the Seine River which crosses the town.

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 2,484 —     1800 2,548 +0.36% 1806 2,624 +0.49% 1821 2,524 −0.26% 1831 3,417 +3.08% 1836 3,333 −0.50% 1841 3,761 +2.45% 1846 4,116 +1.82% 1851 5,253 +5.00% 1856 5,399 +0.55% 1861 6,489 +3.75% 1866 7,092 +1.79% 1872 8,216 +2.48% 1876 8,087 −0.39% 1881 8,208 +0.30% 1886 9,364 +2.67% 1891 9,937 +1.19% 1896 9,680 −0.52%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 11,013 +2.61% 1906 12,437 +2.46% 1911 13,203 +1.20% 1921 15,842 +1.84% 1926 20,671 +5.47% 1931 24,924 +3.81% 1936 26,796 +1.46% 1946 27,016 +0.08% 1954 32,212 +2.22% 1962 54,786 +6.86% 1968 60,804 +1.75% 1975 62,727 +0.45% 1982 63,412 +0.16% 1990 66,401 +0.58% 1999 73,469 +1.13% 2009 79,065 +0.74% 2014 79,204 +0.04% 2020 78,265 −0.20%
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2020)

Sights

The Château de Malmaison, the residence of Napoléon's first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais, is located in Rueil-Malmaison. It is home to a Napoleonic museum.

• 
  The Château de Malmaison, recto, verso
• 
  Bedroom of Joséphine de Beauharnais and Napoléon
• 
  Billiard room
• 
  Library of Napoleon
• 
  Dining room

Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul Church housing notable graves.

• 
  Tomb of Empress Josephine and her two children
• 
  Monument to Queen Hortense
• 
  Monumental organ
• 
  The church in 2012

In poetry

Lydia Huntley Sigourney's poem Tomb of Josephine was published in her volume 'Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands' published in 1842 and follows her visit to Europe in 1840.

Economy

Office building in the new business district of Rueil-sur-Seine

The main campus of the French Institute of Petroleum research organisation is in Rueil. The city has also become home to many large companies moving out of La Défense business district, located only 5 km (3.1 mi) from Rueil, a trend first established by the move of Esso headquarters to Rueil.

There are about 850 service sector companies located in Rueil, 70 of which employ more than 100 people. A business district called Rueil-sur-Seine (previously known as "Rueil 2000") was created near the RER A Rueil-Malmaison station to accommodate these companies. The business district is equipped with a fiber-optic network.

Several major French companies have their world headquarters in Rueil-Malmaison, such as Schneider Electric and VINCI. Schneider had its head office in Rueil-Malmaison since 2000; previously the building Schneider occupies housed the Schneider subsidiary Télémécanique.

Several large international companies have also located their French headquarters in Rueil-Malmaison, including as ExxonMobil, AstraZeneca, American Express and Unilever.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Rueil-Malmaison is served by Rueil-Malmaison station on RER A. In the future, the commune will be served by Rueil – Suresnes – Mont Valérien station on Line 15 of the Grand Paris Express (GPE), which will be located on the border with the commune of Suresnes, as well as a western extension of Île-de-France tramway Line 1.

Healthcare

The Stell Hospital, a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University, is located in Rueil-Malmaison.

Museums

The area has a local history museum, the Musée d'histoire locale de Rueil-Malmaison. Since 21 May 2016 it has been home to the Ancient Egyptian mummy of a five-year-old called Ta-Iset.

Education

Public schools:

• 15 preschools
• 15 elementary schools
• Six junior high schools: Les Bons-Raisins, Henri-Dunant, La Malmaison, Les Martinets, Marcel-Pagnol, Jules-Verne
• Two senior high schools: Lycée Richelieu, Lycée polyvalent Gustave-Eiffel

Private schools:

• Collège et lycée Madeleine-Daniélou
• Collège et lycée Passy-Buzenval
• Collège Notre-Dame
• École maternelle et élémentaire Saint-Charles-Notre Dame
• Ecole maternelle élémentaire Charles-Peguy
• Ecole Montessori Bilingue de Rueil-Malmaison

There are tertiary educational institutions in the area.

Engineering college:

• IFP School

Notable residents

• Jean-Marie Le Pen and his wife, Jany Le Pen, used to live in a two-story house on Rue Hortense.
• N'Golo Kanté grew up in a small flat with his family in Rueil-Malmaison.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Rueil-Malmaison is twinned with:

• Ávila, Spain
• Bad Soden, Germany
• Le Bardo, Tunisia
• Bukhara, Uzbekistan, since 1999
• Dubrovnik, Croatia, since 2011
• Elmbridge, England, United Kingdom
• Fribourg, Switzerland
• Helsingør, Denmark
• Jelgava, Latvia, since 2006
• Kiryat Malakhi, Israel, since 1 June 1985
• Kitzbühel, Austria, since 1979
• Lynchburg, United States
• Carmel, Indiana, United States
• Oaxaca, Mexico
• Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Sergiyev Posad, Russia, since 1989
• Timișoara, Romania
• Tōgane, Japan, since 1990
• Zouk Mikael, Lebanon, since 2009
• Chernivtsi, Ukraine, since 2024

See also

• Communes of the Hauts-de-Seine department
• List of works by Eugène Guillaume

External links

• Rueil-Malmaison official website (in French)
• official Tourist Board of Rueil Malmaison