Genitourinary system

Genitourinary system
Some components of the female and male genitourinary system
Details
Identifiers
Latin	apparatus urogenitalis, systema urogenitale
MeSH	D014566
Anatomical terminology

The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways. Because of this, the systems are sometimes imaged together. In placental mammals (including humans), the male urethra goes through and opens into the penis while the female urethra empties through the vulva.

The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.

Development

Main articles: Development of the urinary system and Development of the reproductive system

The urinary and reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm. The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures that are purely embryonic and that, with the exception of the ducts, disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life. These embryonic structures are on either side: the pronephros, the mesonephros and the metanephros of the kidney, and the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts of the sex organ. The pronephros disappears very early; the structural elements of the mesonephros mostly degenerate, but the gonad is developed in their place, with which the Wolffian duct remains as the duct in males, and the Müllerian as that of the female. Some of the tubules of the mesonephros form part of the permanent kidney.

Disorders

Further information: Female genital disease, Male genital disease, and Urologic disease

Deaths due to genitourinary diseases per million persons in 2012

  22-87

  88-106

  107-123

  124-137

  138-148

  149-164

  165-177

  178-214

  215-255

  256-382

Disorders of the genitourinary system includes a range of disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that manifest an array of signs and symptoms. Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalies, infectious diseases, trauma, or conditions that secondarily involve the urinary structure.

To gain access to the body, pathogens can penetrate mucous membranes lining the genitourinary tract.

Malformations

Urogenital malformations include:

• Hypospadias
• Epispadias
• Labial fusion
• Varicocele

As a medical specialty, genitourinary pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract, male genital tract and testes. However, medical disorders of the kidneys are generally within the expertise of renal pathologists. Genitourinary pathologists generally work closely with urologic surgeons.

External links

• Male urogenital development 3D animation on YouTube
• Female urogenital development 3D animation on YouTube