Doogh
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2024) |
| Type | Fermented dairy product |
|---|---|
| Course | Beverage |
| Place of origin | Iran, Afghanistan |
| Associated cuisine | Iranian cuisine |
| Serving temperature | Cold |
| Main ingredients | Yogurt or buttermilk, milk, water, salt |
Doogh is a cold and savoury Iranian drink. It is made with fermented milk. Unlike its sister beverage of Turkish origin, ayran, Doogh is not diluted yogurt. According to the Iranian Ministry of Food Standards, Doogh "is a drink resulting from lactic fermentation of milk whose dry matter is standardized by diluting yogurt (after fermentation) or buttermilk (before fermentation)."[1]
Production
[edit]Milk and plain yogurt, at a ratio of 15:1, are mixed and placed on low heat until uniformly warm. Salt is added and the mixture is poured into a closed container and placed in a warm area for 3–4 days, after which it is ready to serve.[2] The longer the drink is left to ferment, the more savoury it becomes. Many subcultures in Iran prefer a longer fermentation period.
Etymology
[edit]Doogh has historically been referenced in Persian literature as the representation of a "sour version" of milk. The history of this word is uncertain. It is present in Avestan scripture, and essentially seems to have been another word for milk, or for the product of milking.[3][4] The word for milking in present-day Persian derives from doogh.
In Avestan scripture, doogh is defined[further explanation needed] as milk. Additionally, in the Avesta, the word for "girl," or "woman," or "female," is dooghtar, which means "the one who milks/is milked," and sounds very similar to the current-day word in Persian for "girl," dokhtar. Some Persian language scholars claim that the English word "daughter" also derives from this word.[4]
History
[edit]Doogh is mentioned in Persian literature from the middle[when?] period.[4] In Avicenna's Kitab al-Qanun the word denotes milk used medically. Though Avicenna wrote in Arabic, the word "doogh" doesn't exist in Arabic, so his use of it is taken as a part of Persian literature strictly for the purposes of this article[clarify].
Culture
[edit]Doogh is recognized as one of the main Iranian beverages to serve alongside meals. Dishes such as Dizi and Chelo-Kabab are the most commonly served with doogh.
In some parts of Iran, mainly Isfahan, doogh is served with the sweet pastry Gosh-e fil as a hallmark tradition and snack.
In Iranian popular culture doogh is also considered to have a sedative effect. Pop culture jokes imply that it is a bad idea to drink doogh during lunch at work or school.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "استاندارد دوغ ساده - سازمان ملی استاندارد". www.inso.gov.ir. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
- ^ "طرز تهیه دوغ محلی با شیر : به روش خانگی و قدیمی". نمناک (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-05-21.
- ^ "دوغ - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس". abadis.ir. Retrieved 2024-05-21.
- ^ a b c Margarat Shaida, "Yoghurt in Iran", In: Milk-- Beyond the Dairy: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1999, ISBN 1903018064, 2000, pp. 311-312